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Rising to the challenge of cardio-renal-metabolic disease in the 21st century: Translating evidence into best clinical practice to prevent and manage atherosclerosis
(Elsevier BV, 2024-09-02)
Andrew Krentz
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Stephan Jacob
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Christian Heiss
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Naveed Sattar
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Soo Lim
;
Kamlesh Khunti
;
Robert H. Eckel
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Nakhchivan State University
Rising rates of obesity-associated cardiometabolic disorders allied to ageing populations are driving increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. These adverse trends present challenges for healthcare systems that are struggling to prevent and manage the burgeoning cardiometabolic nexus of multiple long-term conditions. While potent new medications and non-pharmacological interventions have ushered in a promising new therapeutic era, translating clinical trial data to real-world clinical practice is often suboptimal. Postgraduate training and narrowly focused clinical specialisations reflect the traditional siloed approach to managing cardiovascular-metabolic disease that appears increasingly outmoded in the 21st century. It is our contention that greater inter-disciplinary collaboration allied to increased awareness of the continuum of cardiometabolic disease should enable clinicians to address this global public health threat more effectively. With this aim in mind, we have established an International Cardiometabolic Working Group. It is our hope to stimulate the interest of clinicians and clinical researchers across a range of medical specialties who share the vision of better care for people living with cardiometabolic diseases.
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World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission on Psychiatric Education in the 21st century
(Elsevier BV, 2023-10-02)
Dinesh Bhugra
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Alexander Smith
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Antonio Ventriglio
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Marc H.M. Hermans
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Roger Ng
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Afzal Javed
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Egor Chumakov
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Anindya Kar
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Roxanna Ruiz
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Maria Oquendo
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Margaret S. Chisolm
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Ursula Werneke
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Uma Suryadevara
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Michael Jibson
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Jacqueline Hobbs
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Joao Castaldelli-Maia
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Muralidharan Nair
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Shekhar Seshadri
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Alka Subramanyam
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Nanasaheb Patil
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Prabha Chandra
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Michael Liebrenz
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Nakhchivan State University
Psychiatric practice faces many challenges in the first quarter of 21st century. Society has transformed, as have training requirements and patient expectations, underlining an urgent need to look at educational programmes. Meanwhile, awareness has grown around psychiatric disorders and there are evolving workforce trends, with more women going to medical school and specialising in psychiatry. Trainee psychiatrists carry different expectations for work-life balance and are increasingly becoming conscious of their own mental health. A tendency to see health as a commodity and the litigious nature of society has elicited additional pressures for healthcare professionals. Cartesian mind-body dualism has created further complexity and this can often be frustrating for patients and care-partners alike. In many cultures across Asia and beyond, patients can present with physical symptoms to express underlying psychological distress with increasing physical investigations. Simultaneously, in various countries, a shift from asylums to community-based interventions and then home treatments have changed psychiatric care in remarkable ways. These changes have added to pressures faced by mental healthcare professionals. However, trainees and other mental healthcare professionals continue to receive similar training as they did a generation ago. The tensions and differences in ideology/orientation between different branches of psychiatry have made responses to patient needs challenging. Recognising that it is difficult to predict the future, this World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission makes recommendations that could
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How pre-service teachers perceive their 21st-century skills and dispositions: A longitudinal perspective
(Elsevier BV, 2021-03-26)
Teemu Valtonen
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Nhi Hoang
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Erkko Sointu
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Piia Näykki
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Anne Virtanen
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Johanna Pöysä-Tarhonen
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Päivi Häkkinen
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Sanna Järvelä
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Kati Mäkitalo
;
Jari Kukkonen
;
Nakhchivan State University
Research-based discussions about 21st-century skills are currently needed; 21st-century skills refer to skills that today’s students are expected to possess for successful future careers. The ways students perceive these skills or what kind of dispositions they have in this regard are significant. This paper provides an overview of the development of pre-service teachers’ perceived 21st-century skills and dispositions. The quantitative data was collected in three phases during 2014, 2015, and 2016 at three Finnish universities. The number of respondents at each measurement point varied from 209 to 267. Data were analysed using latent growth curve modeling. The study focuses on students’ perceptions of three areas related to 21st-century skills: learning skills, collaboration dispositions, and skills to use ICT. The results show that the three areas evolved in different ways. Learning skills and collaboration dispositions show up as yearly assessments that remain at the same level, with small differences among respondents, unlike skills to use ICT with bigger yearly changes. The measured areas also appear as separate entities throughout the bachelor’s studies, with small or non-significant correlations. These results reveal important new perspectives on how pre-service teachers perceive 21st-century skills and how perceptions evolve during teacher education.
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Changes in the supply and demand potentials of China's glacier water resources in the 21st century: Spatiotemporal mismatches and combined effects
(Elsevier BV, 2023-10-05)
Bo Su
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Hong-Yu Zhao
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Heng Ma
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Can Zhang
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Deliang Chen
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Bin Chen
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Yi Huang
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Shi-Wei Liu
;
Tong Zhang
;
Cun-De Xiao
;
Nakhchivan State University
China's glacier water resources (GWRs) are not only indispensable suppliers of fresh water for humans living in large domestic areas but also affect the water supply to downstream neighbouring countries. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically evaluate the spatiotemporal (mis-) matches between the supply and demand potentials of China's GWRs and the combined supply and demand effects in the 21st century to enable regional sustainable development. To facilitate such research, in this study, we first regionalized the importance of China's GWRs in terms of the supply potential and downstream human dependence to reveal the spatial (mis-) matches between supply and demand potentials. Then, changes in the service potential of glacier meltwater and in population dynamics, as well as their temporal (mis-) matches and associated opportunities and risks, were further assessed at the river basin scale. The results showed that GWR plays an important role in 4 of 16 macroscale glacier-fed basins (i.e., Tarim, Junggar, Ili, and Zangxi) and 11 of 37 subbasins within the China region due to higher supply potential and demand potential in those basins. The importance of China's GWRs increases dramatically when taking the demand potential of downstream countries into account, especially in the Ganges and Indus river basins. The peaks in meltwater runoff from the most glacierized basins of the eastern Tianshan Mountains, eastern Qilian Mountains, and southeastern Tibetan Plateau of China occur slightly earlier than the projected peak population (around 2030) under the mid-range Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP245), leading to a compound risk in terms of decreasing meltwater supply and increasing human dependence at the end of the 2020s. However, the peak meltwater is expected to occur later than the peak population in the Tarim, Qiangtang Plateau, and Qaidam basins. The opportunities offered by the increase in meltwater can relieve the water resource pressure for those populations under water-stressed conditions. Greater attention should also be paid to water shortage risks in the transboundary river basins, especially in the Indus and Ganges basins, because the peak meltwater within China is generally expected to occur sooner than the projected peak population of downstream countries. This study provides an effective planning and decision-making basis for the full utilization of China's GWRs and adaptation when glacier runoff declines.
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Integrated and intelligent remote operation centres (I2ROCs): Assessing the human–machine requirements for 21st century mining operations
(Elsevier BV, 2024-02-04)
Mulundumina Shimaponda-Nawa
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Glen T. Nwaila
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Nakhchivan State University
The futuristic view of smart mines is the attainment of automated self-governed mines without human intervention throughout the value chain. However, reality entails a hybrid environment where humans and machines must effectively work together, with a bias towards machines highly aiding human capabilities. The minerals industry will require systems, processes and strategies to navigate this hybrid environment and transitional period. In this work, we focus on the role that integrated remote operation centres (IROCs) will play in ensuring that mining companies continue to get value from technological advancements during the transformation period. A review of IROC implementations by leading mining companies revealed that most functions in IROCs are powered by low-level artificial intelligence, in which most capabilities are goal-oriented. In this situation, automated machines and processes are programmed to accomplish specific tasks without a two-way intelligent interaction with humans. An integrated and intelligent remote operation centre can provide additional benefits. We refer to such a facility as I2ROC. I2ROCs offer opportunities beyond the traditional command-and-control capabilities by providing analytical insights and the interaction between people and machines, which contributes to better decision-making, ultimately improving performance measurability. In this paper, several enablers of I2ROCs are identified, as well as drivers that will accelerate I2ROCs’ attainment. The human element is critical in achieving the 21st Century mining model. As such, this paper takes a two-dimensional approach focusing on the role of humans and technology in the future mining model. Key factors are explored, such as the required skillset and how these skills can be enhanced. Specifically, we present essential elements defining I2ROCs and the critical requirements for a digitalised workforce fit for operation within I2ROCs. Our findings provide a comprehensive framework for multiple stakeholders to collaboratively pursue I2ROCs through effective education, training, and governance, fostering a more sustainable and resilient future.