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Background: Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is widely regarded as a first-line treatment, but its evidence base is constantly evolving with new research on long-term outcomes, comparative efficacy, and novel delivery methods. The first aim of this mixed methods review is to explore the efficacy and long-term effectiveness of CBT for anxiety disorders. The secondary aims evaluate the comparative effectiveness of its various delivery modalities (e.g., face-to-face, digital, virtual reality) and its efficacy relative to other active treatments, such as pharmacotherapy and emerging psychotherapies. Methods: A systematic review was conducted based on a synthesis of 12 peer-reviewed research summaries, including meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and longitudinal studies. The population included children, adolescents, and adults with diagnosed anxiety disorders. Interventions included standard CBT and its variants (e.g., ICBT, VRCBT, CBGT). Outcomes included reduction in anxiety symptoms, long-term maintenance of gains, quality of life improvements, and comparative efficacy between modalities. Conclusions: The results from this review will provide evidence that CBT is a highly effective treatment for a range of anxiety disorders, showing medium to large effect sizes. CBT remains the gold-standard, evidence-based psychological intervention for anxiety disorders. Its benefits are durable over time and can be effectively delivered through both traditional and emerging digital formats, which can help bridge the accessibility gap. These findings clarify that, future research should focus on long-term follow-ups, optimizing digital engagement, and adapting protocols for diverse cultural and clinical populations.

The inclusive spectrum of the charged particles, [Formula: see text]0- and [Formula: see text]-mesons produced in the pp collisions at LHC energies were analyzed by fitting them with exponential functions. It was found the spectra were composed of several p[Formula: see text] regions, which could be characterized by the length of the regions [Formula: see text] and two free fitting parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The study of the [Formula: see text] dependences of the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and of the energy dependencies of the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] showed that the regions can be classified into two groups depending on the values of the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The values of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the first group don’t depend on colliding energy and the type of the particles (though the values of [Formula: see text] increase linearly with energy) whereas the characteristics in the second group of regions show strong dependencies. It was found that the ratio of the length for the [Formula: see text]-mesons to one for the [Formula: see text]0-mesons is approximately equal to the ratio of their mass: [Formula: see text]. Assuming that the values of the [Formula: see text] are directly proportional to the string tension the result could be considered as evidence in favor of parton string fragmentation dynamics. The increase in the lengths for the [Formula: see text]-mesons’ regions is accompanied by an increase of the values for the parameter [Formula: see text]. It can mean that the [Formula: see text]-mesons were produced at smaller values of [Formula: see text] compared with that for [Formula: see text]0-mesons. The results show that for the first group of regions the lengths of the regions are [Formula: see text]3–5 times greater than the lengths of neighboring, lower p[Formula: see text] regions. For the second group of regions the lengths of the regions are [Formula: see text]1–2 times greater than the lengths of neighboring lower p[Formula: see text] region. In the framework of the string fragmentation and hadronization dynamics, this could mean that the particles in the group [Formula: see text] of regions are produced through previous-generation strings decays into [Formula: see text]3–5 strings while those in group [Formula: see text] originate from previous-generation strings decays into [Formula: see text]2 strings.