Abstract A series of peptide T analogs were investigated within the molecular mechanics framework. In order to determine the role of the aminoacid residues in spatial formation of peptide T the conformational peculiarities of the glycine-substituted analogs were investigated. The conformational profiles of some biologically tested analogs of this peptide were determined independently. The received data permit to assess the active form of this peptide. It is characterized by β-turn at the C-terminal physiologically active pentapeptide fragment of peptide molecule. The received results are important for the investigation of the structure–activity relationship and may be used at design of a rigid-molecule drug against HIV.

The inclusive spectrum of the charged particles, [Formula: see text]0- and [Formula: see text]-mesons produced in the pp collisions at LHC energies were analyzed by fitting them with exponential functions. It was found the spectra were composed of several p[Formula: see text] regions, which could be characterized by the length of the regions [Formula: see text] and two free fitting parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The study of the [Formula: see text] dependences of the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and of the energy dependencies of the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] showed that the regions can be classified into two groups depending on the values of the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The values of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the first group don’t depend on colliding energy and the type of the particles (though the values of [Formula: see text] increase linearly with energy) whereas the characteristics in the second group of regions show strong dependencies. It was found that the ratio of the length for the [Formula: see text]-mesons to one for the [Formula: see text]0-mesons is approximately equal to the ratio of their mass: [Formula: see text]. Assuming that the values of the [Formula: see text] are directly proportional to the string tension the result could be considered as evidence in favor of parton string fragmentation dynamics. The increase in the lengths for the [Formula: see text]-mesons’ regions is accompanied by an increase of the values for the parameter [Formula: see text]. It can mean that the [Formula: see text]-mesons were produced at smaller values of [Formula: see text] compared with that for [Formula: see text]0-mesons. The results show that for the first group of regions the lengths of the regions are [Formula: see text]3–5 times greater than the lengths of neighboring, lower p[Formula: see text] regions. For the second group of regions the lengths of the regions are [Formula: see text]1–2 times greater than the lengths of neighboring lower p[Formula: see text] region. In the framework of the string fragmentation and hadronization dynamics, this could mean that the particles in the group [Formula: see text] of regions are produced through previous-generation strings decays into [Formula: see text]3–5 strings while those in group [Formula: see text] originate from previous-generation strings decays into [Formula: see text]2 strings.

We argue that T p distribution data from the LHC on the invariant differential yield of the charged primary particles in pp collisions at sNN  0.9 TeV, 2.76 TeV, 7TeV and in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN  2.76 TeV with 6 centrality bins contains several T p regions with special properties. These distributions were analysed by fitting the data with exponential functions. We conclude that the regions reflect features of fragmentation and hadronization of partons through the string dynamics. The nuclear transparency results in negligible influence of the medium in the III region ( 17 20 GeV / c T p   ), which has highest T p values. The effects and changes by the medium start to appear weakly in the II region ( 4 6 GeV / c 17 20 GeV / c T     p ) and become stronger in the I region ( 4 6 GeV / c T p   ) . It seems that the II region has highest number of strings. The increase in string density in this region could lead to fusion of strings, appearance of a new string and collective behaviour of the partons in the most central collisions. These phenomena can explain anomalous behaviour of the Nuclear Modification Factor in the II region. We propose the II region as a possible area of Quark Gluon Plasma formation through string fusion. The first T p regions are the ones with the maximum number of hadrons and minimum number of strings due to direct hadronization of the low energy strings into two quark systems - mesons.

Environmental physical activity (EPA) is considered as one of main regulators of human homeostasis. Evidence is growing that components of this activity through the "human factor" (i.e., changing human physiological and psychological status) can affect the dynamics of traffic accidents (TA)-the modern life epidemic. This paper presents results of studies conducted in order to reveal the potential influence of EPA [solar (SA), geomagnetic (GMA) and cosmic ray (CRA) activities] on the number of TA and related casualties in the years of the maximum and declining phase of SA cycle 23 (2000-2005). We selected the 7,160 most severe TA and their related 7,558 deaths and 1,647 severe injuries, registered in the Grand Baku Area (Azerbaijan, middle latitudes), for analysis. A significant increase of TA and victims was observed during the whole year and also during the last months of the year. The monthly numbers of TA and victims were inversely related to SA (probability p = 0.0002), and non-significantly to background GMA, but were significantly affected by major geomagnetic disturbances and storms. A strong correlation between CRA variations (cosmic ray intensity measured by ground-based neutron monitors on the Earth's surface) and the number of TA (p = 0.001) has been observed. It was found that the number of TA which occur within a month depends significantly on the particular month of the year, the CRA, and the SA levels (inverse correlation). The increase of the number of TA is also significantly linked to geomagnetic storms, but not to steady GMA. These effects can be related to changes in human functional and behavioral markers provoked by EPA influences.